20. Jahrhundert: 1914-1945 | Weimarer Republik
The Weimar Republic and the Stab-in-the-Back Legend
"Undefeated in the field" – this is how the German soldiers are welcomed back home at the end of 1918. In truth, they are on a massive retreat. Generals Hindenburg and Ludendorff had therefore informed the Kaiser and the government that an armistice was necessary. When the navy is ordered to set sail again for a pointless battle, the sailors revolt. The subsequent November Revolution sweeps away the Reich. Germany is now a republic. The wartime enemies dictate harsh terms of peace. Many Germans are looking for culprits in order not to have to admit defeat. Thus, the stab-in-the-back myth is born, claiming that the German army – undefeated on the battlefield – had been stabbed in the back by democratic politicians or even the Jews at home. This lie is a heavy burden for the young Weimar Republic and eases terms for Hitler’s rise.
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First World War, Erich Ludendorff, Paul von Hindenburg, Brest-Litowsk peace, western front, Army High Command, United States, counter-offensive, armistice, parliament, Berlin, Reichstag, allies, cease-fire offer, revolution, workers’ and soldiers’ councils, Philipp Scheidemann, republic, Karl Liebknecht, Friedrich Ebert, Council of the People’s Deputies, Matthias Erzberger, Compiègne, November criminals, Spartacists, Reichswehr, Freikorps, Rosa Luxemburg, elections, Social Democrats, SPD, Centrists, German Democratic Party, DDP, Versailles, peace treaty, reparations, war guilt, propaganda, Communists, Stahlhelm, Munich, Adolf Hitler, Putsch, justice system, Magdeburg, SA, workers movement, street battles, Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold, iron front, National Socialists, stab-in-the-back lie
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