Frühe Neuzeit | Absolutismus
Confessionalisation and State-Building
In the course of the Reformation, Western Christianity is splitting and ever more people are converting to the Protestant faith – denominational conflicts are inevitable. Although the 1555 Peace of Augsburg establishes confessional coexistence in the empire, mistrust and aggression continue to shape the relationship between the religions. This results in the founding of two defense alliances, the "Protestant Union" and "Catholic League", in 1608/1609. Ten years later, the Thirty Years’ War ultimately begins with the defenestration of Prague. Initially a war of religion, it quickly escalates into a multi-layered conflict with numerous parties and interests, involving almost all the major powers of Europe.
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Catholic Church, Protestant Church, Lutheran Church, Catholics, Protestants, Calvinists, Catholicism, Protestantism, Calvinism, Reformation, Augsburg Religious Peace, sovereign, church’s sovereignty, increase of power, growing power, domination, denominations, confessions of faith, subjects, oath of denomination, Council of Trent, Jesuits, schools, university, universities, propaganda, administrative elite, Regensburg, Reichstag, denominational conflicts, religious freedom, Protestant Union, Catholic League, Europe, Bohemia, Defenestration of Prague, Holy Roman Empire of German Nation, Emperor, Habsburgs, re-catholicisation, rebellion, Spain, battle of the White Mountain, dynastic conflicts, power issue, constitutional conflicts, constitutional issue, denominational issue, Gustav Adolph of Sweden, France, Cardinal Richelieu, protestant imperial estates, mercenary armies, looting, violent excesses, harvests, pestilence, peace congress, Munster, Osnabruck, peace negotiations, peace treaties, general amnesty, peace between Spain and the Netherlands, War of Independence, Dutch States General, United Netherlands, Switzerland, Sweden, equality, Pope, territorial princes, country’s estates, religious wars
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